The+Early+Years



**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading[|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

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 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS
 * **CONTAINMENT
 * To prevent the growth of a hostile country's territory and to limit the country's ideological influence.
 *  First used by the United States in 1947 due to communism
 * ||~ [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218"]] ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 * President Harry Truman laid out on March 12, 1947, the Truman Doctrine.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 * President Harry Truman laid out on March 12, 1947, the Truman Doctrine.
 * Approved by the congress and it was agreed because man believed that the United States should support the anticommunists
 * Due to this the US gave  $400 million to greece and turkey
 * Truman Doctrine laid the groundwork for the Marshall Plan
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN
 * President Harry Truman's secretary of state, George C. Marshall revealed Washington's response to that danger in a June 1947
 * He proposed a European Reconstruction plan
 *  Marshall named it the European Recovery Plan, but later came around to be known the Marshall Plan
 *  Marshall named it the European Recovery Plan, but later came around to be known the Marshall Plan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;"> The Marshall Plan is just like the Truman Doctrine but a lot more important, and benefited a lot more european countries.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">It helped countries that had undeveloped economies
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">The US gave $12 billion and $1.5 billion of that was in repayable loans
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;"> In 1949, Truman was able to make an expanded version of the plan to benefit other, less developed regions of the world, known as Four Point Plan
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">This stabilized pro-Western administrations in Western European nations and greatly shrunk the threat of Soviet influence.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Massive transfer of essential supplies for Berlin, happened in 1948 and 1949, given by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">More than 277,264 flights were made into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Most in one day was 1,298 flights carrying 12,940 tons of supplies for berlin
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">During this process 75 British and American lives were taken
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
 * Was a <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">mutual defense alliance of nations from Europe and North America
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">Signed in 1949 by Great Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, United States, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Portugal
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">Organized to defend the members from the possible aggression of the Soviet Union
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">Organized to defend the members from the possible aggression of the Soviet Union
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">Membership in 1952 was then included Greece and Turkey
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">Members pledged to work toward reaching agreement with Warsaw Pact countries, about arms reduction, alliance in economic, scientific, and cultural areas
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC
 * It was <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">irrational but rampant fear of communism that swept the United States twice during the 20th century
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana; font-weight: normal;">The first Red Scare happened after WWII, it was widespread hysteria over labor strikes and protest movements
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">The second Red Scare was when americans were particularly concerned with the rise of communism
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"> The Rosenbergs had a trial because they were to believed to have a conspiracy to commit espionage in wartime
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"> Within one year of the trial, <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">the Soviet Union had exploded its first nuclear bomb
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">The HUAC stands for House Un-American Activities Committee
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif,Verdana;"><span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; font-weight: normal;">It was formed to investigate communist activity in the United States
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * The Communist China thought that the movement of the UN was a threat to China's security
 * China's leaders warned that if the UN advanced any further, that china would force them into entering war
 * The UN continued and thousands of Chinese Communist troops attacked, forcing the UN back to South Korea
 * A general named MacArthur wanted permission to blockade china's coast and bomb china, Truman refused profoundly.
 * Truman believed if this happened it would bring the soviet in, causing a world war.
 * The general continued to try by making newspapers about why he should, Truman found this criticism against his orders and fired general MacArthur and sent him home. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * ** MCCARTHYISM *** Named after Joseph McCarthy, was a Republican senator from Wisconsin.
 * McCarthyism is known as to stand for reckless charges against innocent citizens
 * McCarthy Stated that he had a list of 205 State Department officials who were members of the Communist Party, though it was never proven
 * Senate made a statement the criticized McCarthy for his conduct and his public view dispersed

|| ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center"]] || **THE SPACE RACE
 * The Soviet Union was the first to launch the worlds first satellite into space
 * Known as Sputnik, this meant the Soviet Union had enough missile power to launch to the United states
 * Billions of dollars were put into space research
 * Curious we sent a U-2 spy plane over the Soviet Union, but it was shot down by the SU.